Autophagy

The metabolic state of building or repairing muscle tissue. Triggered by adequate protein intake, resistance training, and low systemic stress.

The metabolic state of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in muscle tissue loss during extreme calorie deficits or chronic stress.

The storage form of glucose in muscle and liver tissue. Crucial for supplying explosive energy during high-intensity athletic performance.

How responsive cells are to insulin. High sensitivity allows glucose to enter cells efficiently, reducing fat storage and improving muscle fueling.

A metabolic state where the liver converts fats into ketones to use as energy when glycogen stores are depleted.

The mammalian target of rapamycin. The primary cellular pathway that regulates protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy, triggered by leucine and lifting.